
The nonsurgical procedure that is done to examine the digestive tract is called endoscopy. The procedure is done using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a camera and light attached to it.
When an upper endoscopy (also known as a gastroscopy) is done, the endoscope will be passed through the throat and mouth and right into the esophagus. This gives the doctors a clear view of the stomach, esophagus, and the upper part of the small intestine.
In the same manner, endoscopes can also be passed into the colon (large intestine) through the rectum. This procedure is called colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy depending on how far up the examination of the colon is.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) is a special type of endoscopy that allows pictures of the gallbladder, pancreas, and other structures to be taken using an X-ray. Typically, this type of endoscopy is used for biopsies and stent placements.
The average endoscopy cost in Singapore can range from $1000 to $11,000. The endoscopy cost will vary depending on several factors. However, a few components can affect the final cost. The common components include:
- Miscellaneous fees
- Fee for tissue samples that are taken
- Sedation fee (if applicable)
- Hospital facility fee
- Doctor’s professional fee
Endoscopy: Why Is It Done?
Endoscopy is done to evaluate the following:
- Polyps or growths in the colon
- Bleeding in the digestive tract
- Bowel habit changes (i.e., diarrhea or chronic constipation)
- Gastritis
- Ulcers
- Difficulty swallowing
Is the Procedure Safe?
Generally, the procedure is very safe. However, there are a few potential complications, including:
- Pancreatitis (resulting from ERCP)
- Perforation (a tear in the gut wall)
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Possible reaction to sedation
How Can One Prepare for the Procedure?
Preparing for the procedure can include the following:
Preparing the Colon
When the upper digestive tract is examined, fasting for 6-8 hours before the procedure is required. The colon must be cleared of stool when examined. Therefore, a laxative will be provided the day prior to the endoscopy.
Sedation
Usually, patients who undergo endoscopies will be provided a sedative. This can help ensure the patient is comfortable during the procedure. The sedative will produce light sleep and relaxation.
Patients will rarely have any recollection of the procedure. Typically, you will be awake within a few hours. However, the effects of the sedation can persist even after the procedure so it is recommended that you do not drive the day after the procedure.
What are the Possible Side Effects and Risks?
The procedure is considered safe. However, there are also some risks involved. Some of the risks (and possible side effects) of the procedure can include:
- Mild cramping
- Bloated feeling (can last for a few hours after the procedure)
- Over sedation
- Numbness in the throat
- Persistent pain in the endoscopy area
- Tear (or perforation) in the esophagus or stomach lining
If the following symptoms are present, it is recommended that you speak with your doctor right away:
- Vomiting blood
- Pain in the chest
- Persistent and severe abdominal pain
- Shortness of breath
- Dark-colored stool
Final Thoughts
Endoscopic procedures are usually minimally invasive and can be carried out through the anus or mouth or through small incisions. Endoscopy can also be used to diagnose, investigate, and treat certain conditions.
The procedure has a very low complication rate and patients are usually discharged in just a few hours. However, minor side effects like bloating or sore throat can be expected. Fortunately, most of the side effects will just resolve on their own.
If lingering effects occur, patients should speak with their doctor so they will be given proper advice and recommendation.

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